Friction and grit in conveyors avoided with air springs

Aggressive atmospheres laden with dust, waste and water can speedily despatch the seals in traditional cylinders that actuate the conveyor equipment involved, including belt scrapers, belt tensioners and brakes, conveyor guides and hinged actuator gates.

 

Eliminating this weak link is especially critical in environments where pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders can clog up and wear prematurely over the millions of cycles for which they must operate.

 

One simple way to avoid this potential problem is to employ cylinders that totally lack such seals, says pneumatic actuation and isolation specialist Simon Agar. Agar –who is general manager of Air Springs Supply –has more than 20 years experience with Firestone air spring actuators known as Airstrokes.

 

These are identical in construction and durability to the Firestone airbags used every day in the suspensions of heavy trucks and semis, including the big vehicles that abound in mines all over the country.

 

The rubber and fabric Airstrokes are flexible-wall, bellows-type air cylinders suited to engineering of assemblies for high-repetition tasks, for which they are inflated and deflated rapidly to achieve their purpose.

 

“Traditional cylinder designs contain a piston sliding within a housing of circular cross-section connected to the work by a rod passing through one end of the device,” says Agar

 

“This design necessitates several guides and seals, which align and seal the sliding surfaces to allow a pressurised, contained column of fluid to apply force to the piston.

 

“An Airstroke air spring uses none of these wear-vulnerable components to contain and channel its column of fluid. An air spring contains its column of air in a fabric-rein-forced rubber envelope, or bellows. The ends are sealed by bead plates, which are crimped around the bead of the bellows. These plates contain the attachment hardware for the part, normally a blind tapped hole called a blind nut. An air fitting, generally in one bead plate, allows fluid (air) to be introduced into the chamber. The fabric in the side wall of the bellows restricts radial expansion, so pressure is built up, causing axial extension.

 

“Each style is, in essence, a heavy-duty balloon. Air springs are available in a variety of styles, sporting differing components that control the shape and path of axial extension, but their basic design is the same.”

 

In order to select the appropriate air spring, users need to know the force necessary, the required stroke and any special environmental concerns. A broad range of air springs is available to Australian industry. Airstroke actuators from Air Springs Supply, for example, give 40-40,000kg of pushing or lifting power. Offering power strokes of up to350mm, Airstrokes are powered by simple, basic compressor equipment found in nearly every factory.

 

An example of conveyor uses for which Airstrokes are particularly suitable is belt scrapers, an unglamourous but essential component of conveyor systems. Their blades or brushes bear against the moving conveyor belt to remove material sticking to it.

 

Using an effective, continuous method for cleaning conveyor belts –one that prevents material build up on the belt –can help extend the life and productivity of the entire belt system. By preventing material build up, it helps keep the belt from drifting off track, prevents erratic loads on the motor, eliminates uneven wear on pulley bearings and damage to return idlers, and minimizes belt stretching.

 

“In addition to ensuring that scrapers are made from the correct material (not too hard, so as to damage the belts, not too soft, so as to be ineffective on material being conveyed) it is important to pay special attention to the style of actuation,” says Mr Agar.

 

While in some instances metal springs, flexible blocks or torsion bars will satisfactorily position the scraper adjacent to the belt surface, other applications increasingly require more sophisticated, flexible and continuously supple arrangements. These can be provided by flexible pneumatic actuators, such as Airstroke air spring actuators.

 

Because the amount of force they exert against a surface varies in continuous proportion to the amount of air pressure contained within them, they can adjust to different load requirements simply by varying this pressure. In addition, air springs (whether egg-sized mini actuators or triple convoluted models half a metre in diameter) provide force evenly over the surface upon which they are acting, rather than imposing sharp point loads. Further, they will undulate over irregular loads passing beneath them, flexing with the load profile if necessary, rather than fighting irregularities in the load and causing jerking, jamming and strain on the production line.

 

Airstrokes can rotate through an angle without a clevis. In addition to making air springs suitable for compact spaces, this ability to bend with load (and to tolerate high side loadings) means the air springs will perform where more rigid alternatives might break or wear.